Dekodifikasi Tradisi Sawek: Etno-Entomologi untuk Pengendalian Walang Sangit di Kecamatan Pujut Kabupaten Lombok Tengah
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Tradisi Sawek merupakan kearifan lokal agraris suku Sasak di Kecamatan Pujut, Lombok Tengah, yang memanfaatkan sisa pepes cacing nyale (Eunice spp) untuk menanggulangi hama walang sangit (Leptocorisa spp). Penelitian kualitatif-empiris ini bertujuan menguraikan paradoks ilmiah antara klaim empiris petani (nyale sebagai pengusir/repelen) dengan teori bio-sains modern (nyale sebagai pemikat/bio-atraktan), sekaligus mendokumentasikan mekanismenya dalam mendukung sistem Pengelolaan Organisme Pengganggu Tanaman Terpadu (PHT). Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui studi kepustakaan, studi lapangan, serta wawancara mendalam terhadap lima informan kunci di Desa Pengengat, Desa Mertak, dan Desa Ketara. Hasil penelitian ini menginterpretasikan Tradisi Sawek melalui perspektif etno-entomologi dan menunjukkan kemungkinan mekanisme ekologis yang mendasari praktik tersebut. Berdasarkan kajian teoretis, efektivitas Tradisi Sawek diduga bekerja bukan melalui pengusiran hama secara fisik, melainkan melalui potensi rekayasa perilaku serangga berbasis perangkap pengalih terlokalisasi (localized trap-cropping). Peletakan umpan pada satu titik pematang diinterpretasikan berpotensi mengonsentrasikan koloni walang sangit di area tertentu guna menjauhkan hama dari tanaman utama. Kemungkinan strategi ini didukung oleh efek penyamaran aroma (odor masking) dari bumbu pepes dan potensi akselerasi pematangan bulir padi akibat paparan gas etilen eksogen dari daun pisang pembungkus. Integrasi antara etno-agronomi dan sains modern ini mengindikasikan bahwa Tradisi Sawek memiliki prospek untuk dikembangkan menjadi teknologi PHT terapan. Temuan kualitatif ini menjadi dasar hipotesis yang perlu diuji lebih lanjut melalui eksperimen laboratorium dan lapangan guna memperoleh bukti kuantitatif mengenai populasi hama dan tingkat kerusakan tanaman.
Decoding Sawek Tradition: Etno-Entomology for Rice Ear Bug Control in Pujut District Central Lombok Regency
Abstract
The Sawek tradition is an agricultural local wisdom of the Sasak tribe in Pujut District, Central Lombok, which utilizes the remnants of marine worm pepes (Eunice spp) to manage rice ear bug (Leptocorisa spp) infestations. This qualitative-empirical study aims to resolve the scientific paradox between farmers' empirical claims (nyale as a repellent) and modern bio-science theory (nyale as a bio-attractant), while documenting its mechanism in supporting the Integrated Pest Management (IPM) system. Data collection was conducted through a literature review, fieldwork, and in-depth interviews with five key informants across Pengengat, Mertak, and Ketara villages. This study interprets the Sawek tradition through an ethno-entomological perspective and demonstrates the plausible underlying ecological mechanisms of the practice. Based on theoretical analysis, the effectiveness of the Sawek tradition is suggested to operate not through physical pest repulsion, but rather through potential insect behavior manipulation using localized trap-cropping. Placing the bait at a single point on the levee is interpreted to potentially concentrate rice ear bug colonies in specific areas, thereby drawing them away from the main crops. This strategy is likely enhanced by the odor masking effect of the pepes spices and the potential accelerated ripening of rice grains due to exogenous ethylene gas exposure from the banana leaf wrappers. The integration of ethno-agronomy and modern science indicates that the Sawek tradition holds prospects for development into an applied IPM technology. These qualitative findings provide a foundational hypothesis that needs to be rigorously tested through laboratory and field experiments to secure quantitative evidence regarding pest populations and crop damage levels.
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