Kajian Yuridis Normatif Tentang Pembagian Harta Warisan dalam Hukum Keluarga Islam Perspektif Kompilasi Hukum Islam dan Fiqh Klasik

Pembagian harta warisan dalam hukum keluarga Islam di Indonesia menghadapi tantangan serius akibat adanya ketegangan normatif antara Kompilasi Hukum Islam (KHI) dan fiqh klasik yang belum terselesaikan secara akademis. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis secara yuridis normatif persamaan dan perbedaan pengaturan pembagian harta warisan antara KHI dan fiqh klasik serta mengidentifikasi titik-titik inkonsistensi yang berpotensi mengganggu kepastian hukum dalam praktik peradilan agama. Penelitian menggunakan metode yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan library research, statute approach, dan conceptual approach terhadap KHI, Undang-Undang Nomor 3 Tahun 2006 tentang Peradilan Agama, dan literatur fiqh klasik. Hasil penelitian menemukan bahwa KHI mengandung sejumlah ketentuan yang tidak sepenuhnya selaras dengan fiqh klasik, terutama pada aspek wasiat wajibah bagi anak angkat dalam Pasal 209, interpretasi radd dalam Pasal 193, dan integrasi konsep harta bersama ke dalam sistem kewarisan Islam; ketidakseragaman interpretasi hakim atas pasal-pasal tersebut terbukti menimbulkan inkonsistensi putusan di lingkungan Pengadilan Agama. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa KHI merupakan produk rekonstruksi hukum yang unik, dan pembaruannya secara komprehensif menjadi keniscayaan akademis demi terwujudnya kepastian hukum kewarisan Islam di Indonesia.

A Normative Juridical Study on the Distribution of Inheritance in Islamic Family Law: A Perspective of the Compilation of Islamic Law and Classical Fiqh

Abstract

The distribution of inheritance in Islamic family law in Indonesia faces serious challenges due to unresolved normative tensions between the Compilation of Islamic Law (Kompilasi Hukum Islam/KHI) and classical fiqh that have yet to be addressed comprehensively in academic discourse. This study aims to normatively and juridically analyze the similarities and differences in inheritance distribution regulations between KHI and classical fiqh, while identifying points of inconsistency that potentially undermine legal certainty in religious court practice. The research employs a normative juridical method through a library research approach, combining statute approach and conceptual approach toward KHI, Law Number 3 of 2006 on Religious Courts, and classical fiqh literature. The findings reveal that KHI contains several provisions that are not fully aligned with classical fiqh, particularly regarding wasiat wajibah for adopted children under Article 209, the interpretation of radd under Article 193, and the integration of the concept of joint marital property (harta bersama) into the Islamic inheritance system; the non-uniformity of judicial interpretation of these articles has been shown to produce inconsistent verdicts within the Religious Court system. This study concludes that KHI represents a unique legal reconstruction product, and its comprehensive reform is an academic necessity for achieving legal certainty in Islamic inheritance law in Indonesia.