Efektivitas Pengelolaan Lahan Perhutanan Sosial pada Berbagai Strata Luas Garapan Petani Aren di Desa Gelangsar

Abstract

Perhutanan Sosial memberikan akses legal kepada masyarakat untuk mengelola kawasan hutan secara berkelanjutan, namun efektivitas pengelolaan lahan perlu dinilai berdasarkan kondisi ekologis dan hasil ekonomi pada tingkat tapak. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis efektivitas pengelolaan lahan Perhutanan Sosial pada berbagai strata luas garapan petani aren di Desa Gelangsar, Kecamatan Gunung Sari, Kabupaten Lombok Barat. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada April-Mei 2026 dengan pendekatan deskriptif kuantitatif, sedangkan informasi kualitatif dari wawancara digunakan sebagai data pendukung. Seluruh 30 petani aren anggota KTH Hijau Makmur dijadikan responden melalui metode sensus. Data dikumpulkan melalui observasi, wawancara terstruktur, kuesioner, dan inventarisasi vegetasi. Analisis meliputi kerapatan tanaman, indeks keanekaragaman Shannon-Wiener, nilai produksi, biaya dan pendapatan, serta skor efektivitas yang diadaptasi dari Markum et al. (2023) berdasarkan kerapatan tanaman dan nilai produksi. Kerapatan tertinggi terdapat pada Strata I (321 tanaman/ha), diikuti Strata II (140 tanaman/ha) dan Strata III (79 tanaman/ha). Keanekaragaman Strata I dan II rendah pada seluruh tingkat pertumbuhan, sedangkan Strata III sedang pada semai, pancang, dan tiang serta rendah pada tingkat pohon. Berdasarkan angka yang dilaporkan, pendapatan per hektar tertinggi terdapat pada Strata II. Skor efektivitas menunjukkan Strata I didominasi kategori kurang efektif, Strata II didominasi tidak efektif, dan seluruh responden Strata III tidak efektif. Temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa efektivitas pengelolaan lahan menurut model skor terutama berkaitan dengan intensitas tanaman produktif dan nilai produksi, bukan semata-mata luas lahan garapan.

Social forestry provides legal access for local communities to manage forest areas sustainably, but land-management effectiveness needs to be assessed using ecological and economic indicators at the site level. This study analyzed the effectiveness of social forestry land management across cultivated-area strata of sugar palm farmers in Gelangsar Village, Gunung Sari Subdistrict, West Lombok Regency. The study was conducted from April to May 2026 using a descriptive quantitative approach, with qualitative information from interviews used to support interpretation. All 30 sugar palm farmers belonging to KTH Hijau Makmur were included through a census. Data were collected through field observation, structured interviews, questionnaires, and vegetation inventories. Analyses included plant density, the Shannon-Wiener diversity index, production value, costs and income, and an effectiveness score adapted from Markum et al. (2023) based on plant density and production value. Plant density was highest in Stratum I (321 plants/ha), followed by Stratum II (140 plants/ha) and Stratum III (79 plants/ha). Diversity was low at all growth stages in Strata I and II, whereas Stratum III showed moderate diversity at the seedling, sapling, and pole stages and low diversity at the tree stage. Based on the reported figures, income per hectare was highest in Stratum II. Effectiveness scores were dominated by the less-effective category in Stratum I and the ineffective category in Stratum II, while all respondents in Stratum III were classified as ineffective. These results indicate that land-management effectiveness under the scoring model is associated more closely with productive-plant intensity and production value than with cultivated-area size alone.