Penilaian Penerapan Advanced Metering Infrastructure pada Tahap Awal dan Keselarasannya dengan Roadmap Smart Grid: Bukti Empiris dari Indonesia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.36312/ny8yga92Keywords:
Advanced Metering Infrastructure; Smart Grid; Transisi Energi; Kinerja Operasional; Keselarasan Roadmap Smart Grid; Negara BerkembangAbstract
Penelitian ini mengevaluasi penerapan tahap awal Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI) di Indonesia serta menilai tingkat keselarasan implementasinya dengan roadmap smart grid nasional dalam konteks negara berkembang. Pendekatan mixed-methods digunakan dengan mengombinasikan analisis kinerja operasional dan kerangka evaluasi heuristik berbasis kebijakan, yaitu Smart Grid Evaluation Index–Indonesia (SGEI–ID), untuk menginterpretasikan data kuantitatif dan kualitatif yang bersifat heterogen. Hasil empiris menunjukkan bahwa penerapan AMI pada sekitar 1,2 juta pelanggan menghasilkan perbaikan kinerja operasional yang terukur. Rugi-rugi distribusi menurun sebesar 9%, sementara keandalan sistem meningkat signifikan dengan penurunan SAIDI sebesar 30% dan SAIFI sebesar 42%. Tingkat kepuasan pelanggan pada klaster implementasi AMI berada pada kisaran 93–98%, didukung oleh Customer Satisfaction Index (CSI) nasional agregat sebesar 97,4%. Namun demikian, evaluasi menggunakan kerangka SGEI–ID menunjukkan bahwa keselarasan dengan roadmap smart grid nasional masih bersifat parsial. Kesenjangan utama teridentifikasi pada aspek demand-side management (DSM), kesiapan integrasi energi terbarukan, serta kapasitas tata kelola, yang mengindikasikan bahwa manfaat AMI pada tahap awal masih terkonsentrasi pada peningkatan efisiensi operasional, belum pada transformasi smart grid yang bersifat sistemik. Dari perspektif ekonomi, analisis Internal Rate of Return (IRR) yang disusun secara konservatif dan hanya mempertimbangkan manfaat operasional langsung menunjukkan kisaran nilai antara 1,5% hingga 14% antar-klaster, mencerminkan karakteristik umum investasi infrastruktur digital pada tahap awal di negara berkembang. Secara keseluruhan, temuan penelitian ini menempatkan AMI sebagai lapisan digital fondasional yang memerlukan dukungan reformasi regulasi dan kelembagaan untuk mewujudkan pengembangan smart grid jangka panjang. Studi ini memberikan implikasi kebijakan yang relevan bagi Indonesia dan negara berkembang lain dalam mendorong pengembangan smart grid sebagai bagian dari agenda transisi energi.
This study evaluates the early-stage deployment of Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI) in Indonesia and assesses its alignment with the national smart grid roadmap in a developing economy context. A mixed-methods approach is applied, combining operational performance analysis with a heuristic policy-oriented framework, the Smart Grid Evaluation Index–Indonesia (SGEI–ID), to interpret heterogeneous quantitative and qualitative evidence. Empirical results indicate that AMI deployment covering approximately 1.2 million customers has generated measurable operational improvements. Distribution losses declined by 9%, while system reliability improved significantly, with SAIDI and SAIFI reduced by 30% and 42%, respectively. Customer satisfaction in AMI implementation clusters ranges from 93% to 98%, supported by a nationally aggregated Customer Satisfaction Index (CSI) of 97.4%. However, SGEI–ID assessment reveals that alignment with the national smart grid roadmap remains partial, with key gaps identified in demand-side management (DSM), renewable energy integration readiness, and governance capacity. This suggests that early-stage AMI benefits are primarily concentrated on operational efficiency rather than systemic smart grid transformation. From an economic perspective, a conservative Internal Rate of Return (IRR) analysis is limited to direct operational benefits and yields cluster-level values ranging from 1.5% to 14%, reflecting the typical characteristics of early-stage digital infrastructure investments in developing economies. Overall, the findings position AMI as a foundational digital layer that requires complementary regulatory and institutional reforms to support long-term smart grid development. The study offers policy-relevant insights for Indonesia and other developing economies advancing smart grid initiatives within broader energy transition agendas.
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Copyright (c) 2026 Purnomo, Muhamad Habibi, Iwa Garniwa MK

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