Determinan Daya Saing Ekspor CPO Indonesia ke Negara Tujuan India dan Tiongkok
Authors
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Adinda Ayu Pembayun
Universitas Jambi
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Dompak Mt Napitupulu
Universitas Jambi
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Mirawati Yanita
Universitas Jambi
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.36312/k564c780Abstract
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis determinan daya saing ekspor Crude Palm Oil (CPO) Indonesia ke negara tujuan utama India dan Tiongkok selama periode 1994–2023. Permasalahan utama dalam penelitian ini adalah fluktuasi ekspor CPO Indonesia yang dipengaruhi oleh dinamika perdagangan internasional, persaingan global, perubahan kebijakan perdagangan, serta faktor ekonomi makro yang mempengaruhi daya saing ekspor. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan metode deskriptif dan explanatory research. Data yang digunakan merupakan data sekunder berbentuk time series yang diperoleh dari Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS), UN Comtrade, FAOSTAT, dan berbagai lembaga terkait lainnya. Analisis data dilakukan menggunakan analisis tren, Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA), Export Competitiveness Index (ECI), Constant Market Share (CMS), Indeks Spesialisasi Perdagangan (ISP), serta regresi linear berganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekspor CPO Indonesia ke India dan Tiongkok mengalami perkembangan yang fluktuatif namun cenderung meningkat dalam jangka panjang. Nilai RCA dan ECI menunjukkan bahwa Indonesia memiliki keunggulan komparatif dan kompetitif yang kuat dalam perdagangan CPO internasional. Hasil regresi menunjukkan bahwa harga CPO internasional, nilai tukar rupiah, dan luas areal perkebunan berpengaruh positif terhadap daya saing ekspor CPO Indonesia, sedangkan konsumsi domestik berpengaruh negatif terhadap daya saing ekspor. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa daya saing ekspor CPO Indonesia dipengaruhi oleh faktor produksi, kondisi ekonomi global, kebijakan perdagangan, serta efisiensi distribusi dan logistik perdagangan internasional.
This study aims to analyze the determinants of Indonesia’s Crude Palm Oil (CPO) export competitiveness to its main destination countries, India and China, during the 1994–2023 period. The main issue addressed in this research is the fluctuation of Indonesia’s CPO exports influenced by international trade dynamics, global competition, changes in trade policies, and macroeconomic factors affecting export competitiveness. This study employed a quantitative approach using descriptive and explanatory research methods. The data used were secondary time series data obtained from Statistics Indonesia (BPS), UN Comtrade, FAOSTAT, and other related institutions. Data analysis was conducted using trend analysis, Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA), Export Competitiveness Index (ECI), Constant Market Share (CMS), Trade Specialization Index (ISP), and multiple linear regression analysis. The results showed that Indonesia’s CPO exports to India and China experienced fluctuating but increasing trends in the long term. The RCA and ECI values indicated that Indonesia possesses strong comparative and competitive advantages in international CPO trade. Regression analysis revealed that international CPO prices, exchange rates, and plantation area positively affect Indonesia’s CPO export competitiveness, while domestic consumption negatively affects export competitiveness. This study concludes that Indonesia’s CPO export competitiveness is influenced by production factors, global economic conditions, trade policies, and the efficiency of international trade distribution and logistics systems.
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Copyright (c) 2026 Adinda Ayu Pembayun, Dompak Mt Napitupulu, Mirawati Yanita
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