Efektivitas Token Economy dalam Menurunkan Perilaku Judi Online Mahasiswa Menggunakan Desain Single Subject Research

Abstract

Judi online pada mahasiswa menjadi isu perilaku adiktif digital karena mudah diakses, dilakukan secara privat, dan dapat berdampak pada kondisi akademik, psikologis, sosial, serta finansial. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan penerapan token economy dan menguji apakah intervensi tersebut diikuti oleh penurunan frekuensi transaksi judi online pada seorang mahasiswa. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan Single Subject Research (SSR) dengan pola A-B-A’, yang terdiri atas lima hari baseline (A), sepuluh hari intervensi token economy (B), dan lima hari follow-up jangka pendek (A’). Subjek penelitian adalah seorang mahasiswa laki-laki berusia 22 tahun yang dipilih secara purposive karena melakukan transaksi judi online secara rutin. Data dikumpulkan melalui lembar observasi harian frekuensi transaksi dan lembar pencatatan token selama 20 hari. Analisis dilakukan secara visual dengan memperhatikan level, trend, variabilitas, overlap, dan immediacy of effect, serta dilengkapi persentase data tidak tumpang tindih. Hasil menunjukkan penurunan rata-rata frekuensi transaksi dari 4,60 kali per hari pada baseline menjadi 1,30 kali per hari selama intervensi dan 0,20 kali per hari pada follow-up jangka pendek. Persentase non-overlap data intervensi terhadap baseline mencapai 90%, sedangkan follow-up terhadap baseline mencapai 100%. Temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa penerapan token economy berpotensi membantu mengurangi frekuensi transaksi judi online pada subjek penelitian. Namun, kesimpulan harus dibatasi karena studi hanya melibatkan satu subjek, durasi follow-up singkat, dan pengukuran perilaku privat masih memiliki potensi bias. Replikasi dengan jumlah subjek lebih banyak, follow-up lebih panjang, dan verifikasi transaksi yang lebih objektif diperlukan pada penelitian selanjutnya.

Online gambling among university students is an emerging digital addictive behavior because it is easily accessible, privately performed, and may affect academic, psychological, social, and financial functioning. This study aimed to describe the implementation of a token economy and examine whether the intervention was followed by a reduction in online gambling transaction frequency in one university student. The study employed a Single Subject Research (SSR) approach with an A-B-A’ pattern, consisting of a five-day baseline phase (A), a ten-day token economy intervention phase (B), and a five-day short-term follow-up phase (A’). The participant was a 22-year-old male undergraduate student selected purposively because he regularly engaged in online gambling transactions. Data were collected using a daily observation sheet of transaction frequency and a token-recording sheet over 20 days. Data were analyzed visually by examining level, trend, variability, overlap, and immediacy of effect, complemented by the percentage of non-overlapping data. The results showed that the mean transaction frequency decreased from 4.60 transactions per day during baseline to 1.30 during intervention and 0.20 during short-term follow-up. The percentage of non-overlapping data was 90% for the intervention phase compared with baseline and 100% for the follow-up phase compared with baseline. These findings suggest that the token economy procedure has potential to help reduce online gambling transaction frequency in the participant. However, conclusions should be limited because the study involved only one participant, had a short follow-up period, and measured a private behavior that may be subject to reporting bias. Future studies should replicate the procedure with more participants, longer follow-up periods, and more objective transaction verification.