Perancangan Sistem Kontrol Intensitas Cahaya Berbasis Feedback Menggunakan Metode PID
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.36312/4dkfwg16Keywords:
Pencahayaan Otomatis, Kendali Umpan Balik, Sensor Cahaya, Analisis Respon SistemAbstract
Sistem pencahayaan yang masih dioperasikan secara manual umumnya belum mampu mempertahankan intensitas cahaya pada nilai yang diinginkan ketika terjadi perubahan kondisi lingkungan. Permasalahan utama yang melatarbelakangi penelitian ini adalah keterbatasan sistem pencahayaan konvensional dalam merespons perubahan intensitas cahaya alami secara otomatis, yang mengakibatkan ketidakstabilan tingkat pencahayaan dan pemborosan energi listrik. Penelitian ini bertujuan merancang sistem kontrol intensitas cahaya berbasis feedback menggunakan metode Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) untuk menjaga kestabilan intensitas cahaya terhadap nilai setpoint. Sistem dikembangkan menggunakan Arduino Uno sebagai pengendali, sensor BH1750 sebagai pembaca intensitas cahaya, dan lampu LED sebagai aktuator yang dikendalikan melalui sinyal PWM. Penentuan parameter PID dilakukan menggunakan metode trial and error dengan evaluasi berbasis karakteristik respon transien sistem. Pengujian dilakukan dengan menganalisis parameter respon sistem yang meliputi rise time, settling time, overshoot, dan steady-state error. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dengan kombinasi parameter PID terbaik Kp=1,5, Ki=0,3, dan Kd=0,1, sistem mampu mempertahankan intensitas cahaya mendekati setpoint dengan rise time 0,5–1,6 detik, settling time 1,5–2,1 detik, maximum overshoot 1,34%–3,1%, dan steady-state error sebesar 0,8 lux. Sistem yang dirancang juga dapat digunakan sebagai media pembelajaran sistem kontrol berbasis mikrokontroler.
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