Komunikasi Partisipatif dalam Pengembangan Wisata Berbasis Komunitas
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.36312/ej.v6i2.2906Keywords:
Komunikasi Partisipatif, Modal Sosial, Pengelolaan WisataAbstract
Pengembangan pariwisata berbasis komunitas (Community-Based Tourism/CBT) merupakan pendekatan strategis dalam pemberdayaan masyarakat lokal sebagai pelaku utama dalam pengelolaan destinasi wisata. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pola komunikasi partisipatif dan peran modal sosial dalam pengembangan objek wisata Pantai Raja Kecik di Desa Muntai Barat, Kabupaten Bengkalis, Riau. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif dengan teknik pengumpulan data melalui wawancara mendalam, observasi partisipatif, dan dokumentasi, serta dianalisis menggunakan model Miles dan Huberman. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pola komunikasi yang terbangun di antara pemangku kepentingan, seperti kelompok sadar wisata (Pokdarwis), pemerintah desa, dan masyarakat lokal, bersifat horizontal, dialogis, terbuka, dan berlandaskan pada prinsip musyawarah. Modal sosial yang mencakup kepercayaan, norma, serta jaringan sosial menjadi kekuatan utama dalam membentuk sinergi dan koordinasi lintas aktor. Inisiatif pengelolaan wisata, seperti pembangunan infrastruktur, pelestarian lingkungan, dan pemberdayaan ekonomi lokal, sebagian besar digerakkan oleh partisipasi masyarakat secara sukarela. Kendala yang dihadapi meliputi perbedaan kepentingan, keterbatasan akses informasi, dan literasi digital yang belum merata. Namun, pola komunikasi yang inklusif dan kolaboratif berhasil mengatasi hambatan tersebut. Kesimpulannya, komunikasi partisipatif yang diperkuat oleh modal sosial mampu menjadi fondasi utama dalam pembangunan pariwisata berbasis komunitas yang berkelanjutan, adaptif, dan berakar pada kearifan lokal.
Participatory Communication in Community-Based Tourism Development
Abstract
Community-Based Tourism (CBT) is a strategic approach that empowers local communities to become key actors in managing tourism destinations. This study aims to analyze participatory communication patterns and the role of social capital in the development of Raja Kecik Beach tourism in West Muntai Village, Bengkalis Regency, Riau. Using a descriptive qualitative method, data were obtained through in-depth interviews, participatory observation, and documentation, then analyzed with the Miles and Huberman model. The findings reveal that communication patterns among stakeholders such as tourism awareness groups (Pokdarwis), village authorities, and local communities are horizontal, dialogical, open, and based on deliberative consensus. Social capital, including trust, social norms, and community networks, plays a significant role in strengthening synergy and inter-actor coordination. Tourism initiatives, such as infrastructure development, environmental conservation, and local economic empowerment, are mostly driven by voluntary community participation. Challenges include conflicting interests, limited access to information, and low digital literacy. However, inclusive and collaborative communication practices help overcome these barriers. In conclusion, participatory communication reinforced by strong social capital serves as a vital foundation for sustainable, adaptive, and community-rooted tourism development that reflects local wisdom and collective agency.
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