Efektivitas Filter Pasir dalam Menyisihkan Kelimpahan Mikroplastik pada Air Baku Air Minum: Tinjauan Literatur
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.36312/ej.v6i2.2988Keywords:
Filter Pasir, Mikroplastik, Air MinumAbstract
Tinjauan literatur ini menganalisis efektivitas filter pasir dalam menurunkan kelimpahan mikroplastik pada air baku air minum. Peningkatan kebutuhan air minum dan adanya mikroplastik pada sumber seperti Depot Air Minum Isi Ulang (DAMIU) menyoroti urgensi pengolahan air yang efektif. Akumulasi mikroplastik dapat mempengaruhi sistem kekebalan tubuh dan organ manusia. Mekanisme utama penghilangan mikroplastik oleh filter pasir adalah filtrasi fisik (intersepsi, penjebakan, keterikatan), dengan adsorpsi turut berkontribusi. Filter pasir cepat (RSF) menunjukkan efisiensi tinggi, mencapai 98% untuk mikroplastik <10 µm dan lebih dari 90% untuk partikel lebih besar. Ukuran efektif (ES) media filter yang lebih kecil meningkatkan efisiensi, terutama untuk mikroplastik kecil. Faktor lain yang mempengaruhi kinerja meliputi karakteristik mikroplastik, kecepatan aliran, konsentrasi awal, panjang media, dan backwashing rutin untuk regenerasi situs aktif. Meskipun filter pasir efektif dan hemat biaya, tantangan analisis mikroplastik masih ada karena kurangnya metode standar dan variasi batas deteksi antar studi. Penelitian mendalam tentang Slow Sand Filtration (SSF) juga masih terbatas. Filter pasir sering menjadi bagian dari sistem pengolahan multi-tahap, melengkapi teknologi lain seperti membran untuk penghilangan mikroplastik secara komprehensif. Diperlukan standarisasi metode analisis dan optimalisasi desain filter, terutama SSF, untuk masa depan.
The Effectiveness of Sand Filters in Removing Microplastic Abundance in Raw Drinking Water: Literature Review
Abstract
This literature review analyzes the effectiveness of sand filters in reducing microplastic abundance in raw drinking water. The increasing demand for drinking water and the presence of microplastics in sources like Unbranded Refilled Drinking Water Depots (URDWD) highlight the urgency of effective water treatment. Microplastic accumulation can affect the human immune system and cause intestinal swelling. The primary mechanisms of microplastic removal by sand filters involve physical filtration, including interception, entrapment, and entanglement. Adsorption also contributes. Rapid Sand Filtration (RSF) demonstrates high efficiency, achieving up to 98% for microplastics smaller than 10 µm and over 90% for larger particles. A smaller effective size (ES) of the filter media enhances efficiency, particularly for smaller microplastics. Other factors influencing performance include microplastic characteristics, flow rate, initial microplastic concentration, bed media length, and regular backwashing for active site regeneration. While sand filters are effective and cost-efficient, challenges in microplastic analysis persist due to the lack of standardized methods and varying detection limits across studies. In-depth research on Slow Sand Filtration (SSF) effectiveness is also limited. Sand filters are often an integral part of multi-stage water treatment systems, complementing other technologies like membranes for comprehensive microplastic removal. Future research should focus on standardizing analytical methods and optimizing filter design, especially SSF.
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