Pengaruh Waktu Pembakaran Terhadap Karakteristik Asap Cair dari Serbuk Kayu Mahoni (Swietenia mahagoni Jacq)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.36312/y6nsjf40Keywords:
Asap Cair, Asam Asetat, Fenol, Pirolisis, RendemenAbstract
Limbah serbuk kayu dari industri penggergajian merupakan sumber biomassa yang melimpah namun kurang dimanfaatkan secara optimal. Salah satu potensi pemanfaatannya adalah sebagai bahan baku pembuatan asap cair melalui proses pirolisis. Studi pirolisis untuk biomassa kayu telah banyak dilakukan, namun kajian waktu optimal pembakaran serbuk mahoni untuk memproduksi asap cair sesuai SNI 8985:2021 masih terbatas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh variasi waktu pembakaran terhadap rendemen, karakteristik, dan mutu asap cair dari serbuk kayu mahoni (Swietenia mahagoni Jacq). Penelitian menggunakan metode eksperimen dengan desain Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) non faktorial, melibatkan 3 perlakuan waktu (30, 60, dan 90 menit) dengan 3 kali ulangan. Karakteristik asap cair yang diuji antara lain rendemen, kadar asam asetat, dan kadar fenol. Cara pengujian asam asetat dan kadar fenol dilakukan sesuai dengan SNI 8985:202. Analisis data dilakukan menggunakan uji ANOVA satu arah untuk data parametrik dan uji Kruskal-Wallis untuk data non-parametrik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa variasi waktu pembakaran memberikan pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap rendemen dan kadar asam asetat, namun tidak berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap kadar fenol. Meskipun demikian, kadar fenol tertinggi tercatat pada perlakuan waktu 90 menit sebesar 3,36%. Kadar asam asetat cenderung meningkat seiring bertambahnya durasi pembakaran, namun masih berada dalam batas mutu 2 yang ditetapkan oleh SNI 8985:2021. Dengan demikian, waktu pirolisis selama 90 menit pada suhu 300°C dinilai sebagai perlakuan paling optimal dalam menghasilkan asap cair berkualitas dari serbuk kayu mahoni. Asap cair mutu 2 dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai pengawet dan desinfektan, sedangkan asap cair yang tidak memenuhi SNI 8985:2021 tetap berpotensi digunakan sebagai pengawet alami kayu.
The Effect of Combustion Time on the Characteristics of Liquid Smoke from Mahogany Wood Powder (Swietenia mahagoni Jacq)
Abstract
Wood sawdust waste from the sawmill industry is an abundant source of biomass that is underutilized. One potential use is as a raw material for producing liquid smoke through pyrolysis. Pyrolysis studies on wood biomass have been conducted extensively, but research on the optimal combustion time for mahogany sawdust to produce liquid smoke in accordance with SNI 8985:2021 is still limited.This study aims to determine the effect of combustion time variation on the yield, characteristics, and quality of liquid smoke from mahogany sawdust (Swietenia mahagoni Jacq). The study used an experimental method with a non-factorial Complete Randomized Design (CRD), involving 3 combustion time treatments (30, 60, and 90 minutes) with 3 replicates. The characteristics of liquid smoke tested included yield, acetic acid content, and phenolic content. The testing of acetic acid and phenolic content was carried out in accordance with SNI 8985:202. Data analysis was performed using a one-way ANOVA test for parametric data and a Kruskal-Wallis test for non-parametric data. The results showed that variations in combustion time had a significant effect on yield and acetic acid content, but did not significantly affect phenolic content. However, the highest phenolic content was recorded in the 90 minutes treatment at 3.36%. Acetic acid levels tend to increase with longer combustion times, but remain within the quality limits 2 set by SNI 8985:2021. Thus, pyrolysis for 90 minutes at 300°C is considered the most optimal treatment for producing high-quality liquid smoke from mahogany wood powder. Grade 2 liquid smoke can be used as a preservative and disinfectant, while liquid smoke that does not meet SNI 8985:2021standards can still be used as a natural wood preservative.
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