Praktik Pelaporan Keuangan dan Adopsi SAK-EMKM pada Usaha Mikro: Studi Kasus D&L Robusta Coffee
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.36312/1yp89g96Keywords:
SAK-EMKM, Keuangan UMKM, Usaha Mikro, Adopsi Akuntansi.Abstract
Penelitian ini mengkaji penerapan Standar Akuntansi Keuangan Entitas Mikro, Kecil, dan Menengah (SAK-EMKM) pada D&L Robusta Coffee, sebuah usaha mikro pengolahan kopi berbasis agrikultur di Indonesia. Penelitian sebelumnya umumnya berfokus pada tingkat kesadaran dan hambatan umum adopsi SAK-EMKM, namun belum secara mendalam merekonstruksi laporan keuangan berbasis SAK-EMKM secara ex post pada konteks usaha mikro agribisnis. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisis praktik pelaporan keuangan yang berjalan, mengidentifikasi kendala implementasi SAK-EMKM, serta merekonstruksi laporan keuangan sesuai standar yang berlaku. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif melalui wawancara mendalam dengan tiga informan kunci, observasi langsung, dan analisis dokumen transaksi. Data dianalisis menggunakan open coding, axial coding, dan selective coding. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa praktik pelaporan keuangan masih bersifat informal dan terbatas pada pencatatan arus kas masuk dan keluar. Rekonstruksi kuantitatif laporan keuangan menunjukkan total penerimaan kas sebesar Rp177.500.000, pengeluaran kas Rp188.000.000, dan saldo akhir kas Rp18.500.000, dengan laba usaha sebesar Rp23.500.000 pada tahun 2024. Meskipun data keuangan dasar tersedia, usaha belum melakukan klasifikasi transaksi, pencatatan aset dan kewajiban, serta penyusunan laporan keuangan terstruktur. Kendala utama meliputi rendahnya literasi akuntansi, fluktuasi pendapatan, keterbatasan sumber daya manusia, dan minimnya dukungan eksternal. Penelitian ini berimplikasi pada pentingnya pendekatan pendampingan berbasis rekonstruksi laporan keuangan, penyediaan alat pencatatan sederhana, dan penguatan ekosistem dukungan kelembagaan untuk meningkatkan adopsi SAK-EMKM pada usaha mikro agribisnis.
Kata kunci: SAK-EMKM; Keuangan UMKM; Usaha Mikro; Adopsi Akuntansi.
Financial Reporting Practices and the Adoption of SAK-EMKM in Micro Enterprises: A Case Study of D&L Robusta Coffee
Abstract
This study examines the implementation of the Financial Accounting Standards for Micro, Small, and Medium Entities (SAK-EMKM) at D&L Robusta Coffee, a micro-scale agribusiness engaged in coffee processing in Indonesia. Previous studies have generally focused on the level of awareness and general barriers to the adoption of SAK-EMKM, but have not extensively reconstructed SAK-EMKM–based financial statements ex post within the context of micro agribusiness enterprises. The objectives of this study are to analyze existing financial reporting practices, identify constraints in the implementation of SAK-EMKM, and reconstruct financial statements in accordance with the applicable standards.The study employs a descriptive qualitative approach through in-depth interviews with three key informants, direct observation, and analysis of transaction documents. Data were analyzed using open coding, axial coding, and selective coding techniques. The findings indicate that current financial reporting practices remain informal and are limited to recording cash inflows and outflows. Quantitative reconstruction of the financial statements shows total cash receipts of IDR 177,500,000, cash disbursements of IDR 188,000,000, and an ending cash balance of IDR 18,500,000, with a business profit of IDR 23,500,000 for the year 2024. Although basic financial data are available, the enterprise has not performed transaction classification, asset and liability recognition, or the preparation of structured financial statements. The main constraints include low accounting literacy, income fluctuations, limited human resources, and minimal external support. This study implies the importance of a mentoring approach based on financial statement reconstruction, the provision of simple bookkeeping tools, and the strengthening of an institutional support ecosystem to enhance the adoption of SAK-EMKM among micro agribusiness enterprises..
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Copyright (c) 2025 Dody Mahmud, Magdalena Makalalag

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