Verb Forms and Transitivity in Indonesian and English Online Recipe Discourse: A Corpus Linguistic Study

Rozana Argandari; Suhandano Suhandono

doi:10.36312/jolls.v6i3.5036

Authors

Rozana Argandari Universitas Gadjah Mada
Suhandano Suhandono Universitas Gadjah Mada

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.36312/jolls.v6i3.5036

Keywords:

Verb forms, Recipe discourse, Cooking recipe, Transitivity, Semantic, Corpus linguistics

Abstract

This study examines verb forms and grammatical and semantic transitivity in Indonesian and English cooking recipe recipe discourse through a comparative corpus linguistic approach. The study uses a balanced corpus of 500 cooking recipes, comprising 250 Indonesian recipes from Dapur Umami and 250 English recipes from Jamie Oliver. The analysis focuses on the morphological forms of verbs, their grammatical and semantic transitivity, argument realization, and their functions in organizing procedural actions. The recipe texts were collected between 25 July 2025 and March 2026, converted into plain text format, and processed using AntConc. Verb occurrences were identified through Keyword in Context (KWIC) concordance searches, manually verified, and classified according to morphological form, grammatical transitivity, and semantic function. Frequency counts and percentage distrubutions were calculated to facilitate cross-linguistic comparison, while concordance lines were qualitatively interpreted within their procedural contexts. The fndings indicate that Indonesian and English recipes share the same procedural communicative purpose but employ different linguistic resources to encode cooking actions. Indonesian recipes show extensive use of derivational morphology, including affixation and reduplication, while English recipes predominantly use base-form verbs in imperative constructions as well as inflectional forms such as present and pasr participles. In terms of transitivity, both corpora contain transitive and intransitive constructions, but their realization differs in relation to verb morphology, argument structure, and syntactic resources used to organize procedural actions, participants, and resulting states.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Author Biographies

Rozana Argandari, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Linguistic Department, Faculty of Cultural Sciences, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jl. Sosiohumaniora, Bulaksumur, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Suhandano Suhandono, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Linguistic Department, Faculty of Cultural Sciences, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jl. Sosiohumaniora, Bulaksumur, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

References

Aarts, B. (2018). English syntax and argumentation. Bloomsbury Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-60580-1

Adinda, K. T. W. (2025). Struktur semantik verba tindakan memakai dalam bahasa Inggris: Pendekatan metabahasa semantik alami. In Prosiding Seminar Nasional Bahasa Ibu (Vol. 2, No. 1, pp. 15–28).

Arifin, F. I. (2020). Kategori dan peran semantis verba dalam teks berita pendidikan. Basindo, 4(1), 53–65.

Barathayomi, W. (2022). Translating cooking recipes from other cultures into Indonesian. Jurnal Penerjemahan, 9(2). https://doi.org/10.64571/ojp.v9i2.83

Bator, M., & Sylwanowicz, M. (2020). Noun phrase modification in Middle English culinary and medical recipes. Academic Journal of Modern Philology, 10, 39–55. https://doi.org/10.1515/stap-2017-0002

Berrebbah, I. (2020). The power of recipes: Culinary practice as a strategy to deconstruct Arab-American identity in Diana Abu-Jaber’s Crescent. Prague Journal of English Studies, 9(1), 115–132. https://doi.org/10.2478/pjes-2020-0006

Dixon, R. M. W. (2009). Basic linguistic theory: Volume 1: Methodology (Vol. 1). Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199571079.001.0001

Dizon, K. M., & Villanueva, J. (2022). Development and validation of a basic sentence structure worktext. American Journal of Educational Technology, 1(1), 10–17. https://doi.org/10.54536/ajet.v1i1.328

Fan, Y., & Hunter, A. (2023). Understanding the cooking process with English recipe text. In Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: ACL 2023 (pp. 4244–4264). Association for Computational Linguistics. https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2023.findings-acl.261

Kazeminejad, G., & Palmer, M. (2023). Event semantic knowledge in procedural text understanding. In *Proceedings of the 12th Joint Conference on Lexical and Computational Semantics (SEM 2023) (pp. 388–398).

Kridalaksana, H. (1978). Keutuhan wacana. Bahasa dan Sastra, 4(1), 36–44.

Krzeszowski, T. P. (1990). Contrasting languages: The scope of contrastive linguistics (Vol. 51). Walter de Gruyter.

Montolalu, L. R. (2003). Teori dwikomponen: Sebuah parameter untuk mengukur aspek. Makara Human Behavior Studies in Asia, 7(1), 42–93. https://doi.org/10.7454/mssh.v7i1.712

Mustikasari, G., Pratiwi, N., & Ginanjar, B. (2022). Derivasi verba denomina bahasa Indonesia pada website berita online (Kajian morfologi). Fon: Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa dan Sastra Indonesia, 18(2), 261–271.

Nagina, R., Kaur, J., & Bhalla, P. (2025). Preserving traditional recipes and methods in the culinary world: Strategies, challenges, and success stories. In Global sustainable practices in gastronomic tourism (pp. 403–428). IGI Global Scientific Publishing. https://doi.org/10.4018/979-8-3693-7096-4.ch024

Nishimura, T., Hashimoto, A., Ushiku, Y., Kameko, H., & Mori, S. (2024). Recipe generation from unsegmented cooking videos. ACM Transactions on Multimedia Computing, Communications, and Applications. https://doi.org/10.1145/3649137

Norrick, N. R. (1983). Zur Semantik des englischen Sprichworts. Arbeiten Aus Anglistik und Amerikanistik, 183–196. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783111351254.173

Partarakis, N., Kaplanidi, D., Doulgeraki, P., Karuzaki, E., Petraki, A., Metilli, D., & Zabulis, X. (2021). Representation and presentation of culinary tradition as cultural heritage. Heritage, 4(2), 612–640. https://doi.org/10.3390/heritage4020036

Rajeg, G. P. W., & Denistia, K. (2023). Afiksasi verba dalam bahasa Indonesia.

Ramlan, M. (2012). Morfologi: Suatu tinjauan deskriptif. C.V. Karyono.

Rustiati, R. (2020). Analysis of the semantic role of the ekatransitive, semitransitive, and intransitive. In Prosiding Seminar Nasional Linguistik dan Sastra (SEMANTIKS) (Vol. 2, pp. 42–51).

Sawardi, F. X., & Rupa, S. (2005). Aktif, pasif, dan ergatif dalam bahasa Indonesia. In Seminar Antarbangsa Linguistik Melayu (SALIM’05): International Seminar on Malay Linguistics (Vol. 5).

Setiadi, I. G. D., & Subawa, I. W. P. A. (2025). Perbandingan morfologi infleksi bahasa Indonesia dan bahasa Inggris. Kulturistik: Jurnal Ilmu Bahasa dan Budaya, 9(2), 73–78.

Sugiharti, E. (2021). Comparing oral and written cooking recipes using systemic functional grammar. Jurnal Bahasa Inggris Terapan, 7(1), 19–33. https://doi.org/10.35313/jbit.v7i1.3467

Suseno, A. A., & Devi, A. A. K. (2025). Perbandingan afiksasi bahasa Indonesia dan bahasa Inggris dalam lirik lagu: Kajian kontrastif. Jurnal Pesastra (Pendidikan Bahasa dan Sastra), 2(4), 235–245.

Tallerman, M. (2014). No syntax saltation in language evolution. Language Sciences, 46, 207–219. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.langsci.2014.08.002

Trihardini, A. (2022). A contrastive analysis of Chinese and Indonesian nominal sentences. Lingua Cultura, 16(1), 117–130.

Twomey, N., Fain, M., Ponikar, A., & Sarraf, N. (2020). Towards multi-language recipe personalisation and recommendation. In Proceedings of the 14th ACM Conference on Recommender Systems (pp. 708–713). Association for Computing Machinery. https://doi.org/10.1145/3383313.3418478

Wahyudin, A. (2024). Peran pelaku kalimat intransitif dan pasif pada teks narasi faktual. Prosiding Diseminasi Nasional Hasil Penelitian dan Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat, 1(1).