Etnobotani Aren (Arenga pinnata) pada Masyarakat Minangkabau di Lima Puluh Kota, Sumatera Barat
Authors
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Tira Sovia Ningsih
Universitas Negeri Padang
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Reki Kardiman
Universitas Negeri Padang
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.36312/mj.v4i1.5035Abstract
Aren (Arenga pinnata (Wurmb) Merr.) merupakan palma multiguna yang penting bagi rumah tangga pedesaan, tetapi variasi pengetahuan pemanfaatannya pada masyarakat Minangkabau di Kabupaten Lima Puluh Kota belum terdokumentasi secara komparatif. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi bagian aren yang dimanfaatkan, mendeskripsikan bentuk dan cara pengolahannya, serta membandingkan frekuensi penyebutan pemanfaatan pada tiga kecamatan. Survei etnobotani deskriptif dengan komponen kualitatif dan kuantitatif dilaksanakan pada Desember 2025-Maret 2026 di Kecamatan Gunuang Omeh, Lareh Sago Halaban, dan Mungka. Sebanyak 90 responden berusia ≥40 tahun (30 responden per kecamatan) diwawancarai menggunakan pertanyaan terbuka. Data dianalisis sebagai ragam bentuk pemanfaatan dan frekuensi sitasi responden, disajikan sebagai n (%). Hasil menunjukkan 10 bagian/material aren dengan 28 bentuk pemanfaatan dalam lima kelompok utama, yaitu pangan, kerajinan, bahan bangunan/energi, pengobatan tradisional, dan kebutuhan budaya. Berdasarkan daftar pemanfaatan yang terdokumentasi, Gunuang Omeh memiliki 21 bentuk pemanfaatan, Lareh Sago Halaban 15, dan Mungka 18. Sapu ijuk paling sering disebut di Gunuang Omeh (28/30; 93,3%), sedangkan gula aren dan sapu lidi masing-masing disebut oleh 23/30 responden (76,7%) di Mungka. Temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa pengetahuan pemanfaatan aren tidak seragam antarlokasi meskipun berada dalam satu kabupaten. Dokumentasi berbasis frekuensi sitasi ini menyediakan dasar empiris untuk penelitian lanjutan mengenai transmisi pengetahuan, nilai ekonomi, dan konservasi aren.
Sugar palm (Arenga pinnata (Wurmb) Merr.) is a multipurpose palm important to rural households, yet variation in its uses and associated knowledge among Minangkabau communities in Lima Puluh Kota Regency has not been comparatively documented. This study aimed to identify the utilized parts of sugar palm, describe their uses and processing practices, and compare citation frequencies across three districts. A descriptive ethnobotanical survey combining qualitative and quantitative components was conducted from December 2025 to March 2026 in Gunuang Omeh, Lareh Sago Halaban, and Mungka. Ninety respondents aged ≥40 years (30 per district) were interviewed using open-ended questions. Data were summarized as use-type richness and respondent citation frequency, expressed as n (%). The study documented 10 sugar-palm parts/materials and 28 use types grouped into food, handicrafts, construction/energy, traditional medicine, and cultural purposes. Based on the documented list, Gunuang Omeh had 21 use types, Lareh Sago Halaban 15, and Mungka 18. Fiber brooms were most frequently cited in Gunuang Omeh (28/30; 93.3%), while palm sugar and rib brooms were each cited by 23/30 respondents (76.7%) in Mungka. These findings indicate that sugar-palm knowledge is not uniformly distributed across communities within the same regency. Citation-frequency documentation provides an empirical baseline for further research on knowledge transmission, economic value, and sugar-palm conservation.
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