Kesejahteraan Psikologis Orang Tua Anak Berkebutuhan Khusus: Tinjauan Sistematik Berbasis Model Ryff
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.36312/2vyj3k20Keywords:
kesejahteraan psikologis, Orang Tua, Berkebutuhan Khusus, model RyffAbstract
Orang tua yang memiliki anak berkebutuhan khusus menghadapi tantangan pengasuhan yang kompleks dan berpotensi memengaruhi kesejahteraan psikologis mereka. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji dinamika dan faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi kesejahteraan psikologis orang tua anak berkebutuhan khusus melalui tinjauan sistematik berbasis kerangka PRISMA dengan pendekatan model kesejahteraan psikologis Ryff. Penelusuran literatur dilakukan pada beberapa basis data ilmiah dan menghasilkan 62 artikel awal, yang kemudian diseleksi berdasarkan kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi hingga diperoleh 14 studi yang dianalisis secara kualitatif. Hasil tinjauan menunjukkan bahwa kesejahteraan psikologis orang tua bersifat dinamis dan dipengaruhi oleh penerimaan diri, dukungan sosial, religiositas, kebersyukuran, serta strategi coping adaptif. Kebaruan penelitian ini terletak pada sintesis tematik yang secara eksplisit memetakan temuan empiris ke dalam enam dimensi kesejahteraan psikologis Ryff, yang belum banyak dilakukan secara sistematik pada penelitian sebelumnya. Studi ini menegaskan pentingnya pendekatan psikososial yang komprehensif dan berbasis keluarga untuk mendukung kesejahteraan psikologis orang tua anak berkebutuhan khusus.
Psychological Well-Being of Parents of Children with Special Needs: A Systematic Review Based on Ryff’s Model
Parents of children with special needs face complex parenting challenges that may significantly affect their psychological well-being. This study aims to examine the dynamics and determinants of psychological well-being among parents of children with special needs through a systematic review based on the PRISMA framework and Ryff’s psychological well-being model. A comprehensive literature search across several academic databases identified 62 initial articles, of which 14 studies met the inclusion criteria and were qualitatively synthesized. The findings indicate that parents’ psychological well-being is dynamic and influenced by self-acceptance, social support, religiosity, gratitude, and adaptive coping strategies. The novelty of this review lies in its explicit thematic synthesis that maps empirical findings onto the six dimensions of Ryff’s psychological well-being model, providing a structured conceptual understanding that has been limited in previous studies. This review highlights the importance of comprehensive and family-based psychosocial interventions to strengthen the psychological well-being of parents raising children with special needs.
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