Comparison of Learning Motivation with Digital and Analog ROTAK in Junior High School Physical Education
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- Published
- 2026-07-30
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- 992-1015
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- Original Research Article
Abstract
Learning motivation is important for sustaining students' participation and engagement in Physical Education, Sports, and Health (PJOK). This study compared learning-motivation outcomes among seventh-grade students participating in instruction using Digital ROTAK and Analog ROTAK, two formats of a researcher-developed educational spinning-wheel game. A quasi-experimental nonequivalent pretest-posttest comparison-group design was conducted at SMP Satu Atap 4 Gunungsari, Indonesia. All 62 seventh-grade students from two existing classes participated, with 31 students receiving Digital ROTAK instruction and 31 receiving Analog ROTAK instruction. Both groups completed four instructional sessions of 2 × 40 minutes. Learning motivation was measured using a 20-item, four-point Likert questionnaire covering perseverance, interest and attention, readiness and active participation, self-confidence, and enthusiasm and participation. Motivation increased significantly in the Digital ROTAK group (mean change = 14.00, 95% CI [11.84, 16.16], t(30) = 13.24, p < .001, dz = 2.38) and the Analog ROTAK group (mean change = 12.74, 95% CI [11.22, 14.26], t(30) = 17.11, p < .001, dz = 3.07). However, the between-group difference in pretest-posttest change was not significant (mean difference = 1.26, 95% CI [−1.34, 3.85], Welch's t(53.89) = 0.97, p = .335, d = 0.25). After adjustment for baseline motivation, Digital ROTAK showed a higher adjusted posttest mean than Analog ROTAK (71.01 vs. 65.80), with an adjusted difference of 5.21 points, 95% CI [3.42, 7.01], F(1, 59) = 33.78, p < .001, partial η² = .364. Both ROTAK formats were associated with increased motivation during the study period, while Digital ROTAK was associated with a higher baseline-adjusted posttest score. These findings should be interpreted cautiously because the study used nonrandomized intact classes, a single school, and no conventional-instruction control group
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Junaidi Junaidi, Erna Yayuk, Budiono Budiono. (2026). Comparison of Learning Motivation with Digital and Analog ROTAK in Junior High School Physical Education. Jurnal Penelitian dan Pengkajian Ilmu Pendidikan: e-Saintika, 10(2), 992-1015. https://journal-center.litpam.com/index.php/e-Saintika/article/view/5953
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