Analisis Co-Creation dalam Pembentukan Kampung Iklim: Menuju Mitigasi Perubahan Iklim Berbasis Smart Environment

Abstract

Isu perubahan iklim telah mencapai titik kritis dan secara luas diakui sebagai wicked public problem yang bersifat multidimensi, kompleks, dan tidak memiliki solusi tunggal. Model tata kelola publik konvensioan seperti Old Public Administration (OPA) yang hierarkis maupun New Public Management (NPM) yang berorientasi pasar terbukti memiliki keterbatasan dalam merespons kompleksitas tersebut. Karena itu muncul kebutuhan untuk beralih menuju paradigma New Public Governance (NPG) yang menekankan penciptaan nilai publik melalui kolaborasi lintas aktor, berbasis jaringan, dan partisipasi inklusif. Salah satu mekanisme operasional kunci dalam NPG adalah Co-Creation. Kajian ini menawarkan kebaruan konseptual dan empiris dengan memasukkan perspektif NPG ke dalam konteks mitigasi dan adaptasi iklim lokal, sebuah pendekatan yang belum banyak dieksplorasi dalam studi Proklim maupun penelitian aksi iklim berbasis komunitas di Indonesia. Selain itu, penelitian ini memberikan kontribusi metodologis dengan mengintegrasikan kerangkan Co-Creation: shared resources, shared knowledge, dan joint innovation ke dalam analisis implementasi SUPERMIE. Sebuah inovasi lokalisasi Program Kampung Iklim (ProKlim) yang diperkaya dengan elemen Smart Environment. Temuan penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa terjadi pergeseran nyata peran pemerintah dari pelaksana administratif menjadi fasilitator jaringan, sementara komunitas RT/RW bertransformasi menjadi produsen nilai publik. Co-Creation termanifestasi melalui kontribusi non moneter warga, integrasi pengetahuan teknokratis pemerintah dengan kearifan lokal, serta kemunculan inovasi kontekstual seperti sistem Bank Sampah Digital Sederhana. Implikasi menajerial utama dari praktik ini adalah meningkatnya rasa memiliki warga terhadap program, yang pada gilirannya menjamin keberlanjutan jangka panjang upaya adaptasi dan mitigasi iklim menuju Smart Environment. Hasil ini mempertegas bahwa Co-Creation merupakan variabel mediasi penting yang menghubungkan paardigma NPG dengan efektivitas tata kelola lingkungan lokal.

 Co-Creation Analysis in the Development of Climate Villages: Toward Smart Environment–Based Climate Change Mitigation

 The issue of climate change has reached a critical point and is widely recognized as a wicked public problem that is multidimensional, complex, and lacks a single solution. Conventional public governance models such as the hierarchical Old Public Administration (OPA) and the market-oriented New Public Management (NPM) have proven limited in addressing this complexity. Therefore, there is a need to shift to the New Public Governance (NPG) paradigm, which emphasizes the creation of public value through cross-actor, network-based collaboration, and inclusive participation. One of the key operational mechanisms in NPG is Co-Creation. This study offers conceptual and empirical novelty by incorporating the NPG perspective into the context of local climate mitigation and adaptation, an approach that has not been widely explored in Proklim studies or community-based climate action research in Indonesia. Furthermore, this study makes a methodological contribution by integrating the Co-Creation framework: shared resources, shared knowledge, and joint innovation into the analysis of SUPERMIE implementation. This is a localized innovation of the Climate Village Program (ProKlim) enriched with Smart Environment elements. The findings of this study indicate a significant shift in the government's role from administrative implementer to network facilitator, while neighborhood units (RT/RW) are transforming into producers of public value. Co-creation is manifested through non-monetary contributions from residents, the integration of government technocratic knowledge with local wisdom, and the emergence of contextual innovations such as the Simple Digital Waste Bank system. The primary managerial implication of this practice is an increased sense of community ownership of the program, which in turn ensures the long-term sustainability of climate adaptation and mitigation efforts toward a Smart Environment. These results emphasize that co-creation is a crucial mediating variable linking the NPG paradigm with the effectiveness of local environmental governance.