The correlation between students' reading and listening score in a standardized test of TOEFL
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.36312/esaintika.v5i2.472Keywords:
assessment, TOEFL, reading, listening, correlationAbstract
This study aimed at analyzing the correlation between reading and listening in TOEFL ITP test and how much reading predicts listening. It involved 50,684 reading and listening scores in 2015-2019 test periods of undergraduate students in one of the state universities in Malang. The data were collected by using standardized TOEFL ITP issued by ETS. Using Pearson Correlation Product Moment and linear regression analysis, the result demonstrated reading and listening had significant, linear, and strong correlation (.682), and reading significantly predicted 46.5% variance of listening. The results lead to the hypothesis that two language input skills, reading and listening significantly correlated and predicted one another. The result also suggested that correlation language skills not only occurred among reading and writing and listening and speaking, but also it happened in reading and listening. Moreover, the results suggested the combination of reading and listening activities in classroom activities.
Downloads
References
Ãlvarez-Cañizo, M., Suárez-Coalla, P., & Cuetos, F. (2015). The Role of Reading Fluency in Children’s Text Comprehension. Frontiers in Psychology, 6. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01810
Babayiğit, S., & Stainthorp, R. (2014). Correlates of early reading comprehension skills: A componential analysis. Educational Psychology, 34(2), 185–207. https://doi.org/10.1080/01443410.2013.785045
Begeny, J. C., Krouse, H. E., Ross, S. G., & Mitchell, R. C. (2009). Increasing Elementary-aged Students’ Reading Fluency with Small-group Interventions: A Comparison of Repeated Reading, Listening Passage Preview, and Listening Only Strategies. Journal of Behavioral Education, 18(3), 211–228. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10864-009-9090-9
Blonder, M., Skinner, C. H., Ciancio, D., Cazzell, S., Scott, K., Jaquett, C., Ruddy, J., & Thompson, K. (2019). A Comparison of Comprehension Accuracy and Rate: Repeated Readings and Listening While Reading in Second-Grade Students. Contemporary School Psychology, 23(3), 231–244. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40688-017-0169-3
Bozorgian, H. (2012). The Relationship between Listening and Other Language Skills in International English Language Testing System. Theory and Practice in Language Studies, 2(4), 657–663. https://doi.org/10.4304/tpls.2.4.657-663
Cotter, J. (2012). Understanding the Relationship between Reading Fluency and Reading Comprehension: Fluency Strategies as a Focus for Instruction. 73. Ralph C. Wilson, Jr. School of Education: Fisher Digital Publications
Devine, T. G. (1976). Listening and reading. Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the Reading Association of Ireland (Dublin, September 1976), ERIC.
ETS. (2010). Linking TOEFL iBT scores to IELTS scores - a research report. ETS.
Futransky, J. (1992). Relations Among Verbal Working Memory, Listening Comprehension, and Reading Skills [University of Rhode Island]. https://doi.org/10.23860/diss-futransky-joanna-1992
Gough, P. B., & Tunmer, W. E. (1986). Decoding, Reading, and Reading Disability. Remedial and Special Education, 7(1), 6–10. https://doi.org/10.1177/074193258600700104
Hastuti, U. N., & Kalim, N. (2019). Correlation between Reading Comprehension and Listening Comprehension Skills in Completing TOEFL-PBT. 8.
Hogan, T. P., Adlof, S. M., & Alonzo, C. N. (2014). On the importance of listening comprehension. International Journal of Speech-Language Pathology, 16(3), 199–207. https://doi.org/10.3109/17549507.2014.904441
Hoover’, A., & Gough, B. (1990). The simple view of reading. Reading and Writing, 2(2), 127-160.
Jiang, D., Kalyuga, S., & Sweller, J. (2018). The Curious Case of Improving Foreign Language Listening Skills by Reading Rather than Listening: An Expertise Reversal Effect. Educational Psychology Review, 30(3), 1139–1165. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-017-9427-1
Lems, K.(2012). Reading fluency and comprehension in English language learners. National-Louis University.
Muijselaar, M. M. L., Swart, N. M., Steenbeek-Planting, E. G., Droop, M., Verhoeven, L., & de Jong, P. F. (2017). The dimensions of reading comprehension in Dutch children: Is differentiation by text and question type necessary? Journal of Educational Psychology, 109(1), 70–83. https://doi.org/10.1037/edu0000120
Nation, P., & Yamamoto, A. (2012). Applying the four strands to language learning. International Journal of Innovation in English Language Teaching, 1(2), 167-181.
Palmer (1997). A Comparative Study of Listening and Reading Comprehension in Children of Different Age-groups. Thesis. University of Pretoria.
Ranto Rozak, R., Saleh, M., Linggar Bharati, D. A., & Sutopo, D. (2019). Reading While Listening (RWL) in an Extensive Listening Course to Reduce Student Teachers’ Foreign Language Listening Anxiety (FLLA). KnE Social Sciences, 3(10), 349. https://doi.org/10.18502/kss.v3i10.3916
Sulistyo, G. H. (2009). TOEFL in a brief historical overview from PBT to IBT. Bahasa dan Seni Journal, 37(2), 116-127.
Talada, J. A. (2007). The Relationship between Oral Reading Fluency and Comprehension. (Doctoral Dissertation, Liberty University). Retrieved from https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/58825018.pdf
Tiendas, E. L. (2018). Examining the correlations of reading, listening, and writing abilities of intermediate learners of English as a foreign language (Undergraduate thesis, Universitas Pelita Harapan, Surabaya). Retrieved from http://repository.uph.edu/2594/
Valentini, A., Ricketts, J., Pye, R. E., & Houston-Price, C. (2018). Listening while reading promotes word learning from stories. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 167, 10–31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jecp.2017.09.022
Weir, C., Hawkey, R, Green, A., Unaldi, A., & Devi, S. (2009b). The relationship between the academic reading construct as measured by IELTS and the reading experiences of the students in their first year of study at a British university. IELTS Research Reports, 9, 97-156.
Wolf, M. C., Muijselaar, M. M. L., Boonstra, A. M., & de Bree, E. H. (2019). The relationship between reading and listening comprehension: Shared and modality-specific components. Reading and Writing, 32(7), 1747–1767. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11145-018-9924-8
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2021 Mega Safitri, Anik Nunuk Wulyani, Suharyadi

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with Jurnal Penelitian dan Pengkajian Ilmu Pendidikan: e-Saintika agree to the following terms:
- For all articles published in Jurnal Penelitian dan Pengkajian Ilmu Pendidikan: e-Saintika, copyright is retained by the authors. Authors give permission to the publisher to announce the work with conditions. When the manuscript is accepted for publication, the authors agrees to implement a non-exclusive transfer of publishing rights to the journals.
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

